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# Ketogenic Diet

ke·to·gen·ic di·et - kee-toh-JEN-ik DY-et

## Definition

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate eating pattern that shifts the body's primary fuel source from glucose to fat by inducing a metabolic state called [ketosis](/glossary/ketosis). A standard ketogenic diet typically derives 70-80% of calories from fat, 10-20% from protein, and only 5-10% from carbohydrates - usually limiting carbohydrate intake to 20-50 grams per day, roughly equivalent to a single banana or slice of bread.

The diet was originally developed in the 1920s at the Mayo Clinic as a medical treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in children, where it remains an established therapy today. Interest in the ketogenic diet has expanded dramatically in recent years for weight loss, type 2 diabetes management, [metabolic syndrome](/glossary/metabolic-syndrome), and potential neuroprotective effects in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and [Parkinson's disease](/conditions/parkinsons-disease).

Ketogenic diet foods include meats, fatty fish, eggs, butter, cheese, nuts, seeds, avocados, low-carb vegetables, and healthy oils. Foods eliminated or severely restricted include grains, sugar, most fruits, starchy vegetables, legumes, and most processed foods. The transition into ketosis often produces temporary side effects known as the 'keto flu' - fatigue, headaches, irritability, and nausea - which typically resolve within 1-2 weeks as the body adapts to burning fat for fuel.

## Also Known As

Keto diet Keto LCHF (Low-Carb High-Fat) 

## Key Facts

-   • Standard macronutrient ratios are approximately 70-80% fat, 10-20% protein, and 5-10% carbohydrates. 
-   • The ketogenic diet was developed in 1921 as a medical treatment for childhood epilepsy and is still used for this purpose. 
-   • Short-term studies show the keto diet can be effective for weight loss, often due to reduced appetite and caloric intake. 
-   • Potential concerns include nutrient deficiencies, increased LDL cholesterol, kidney stones, and liver issues with long-term use. 
-   • Variations include standard keto, cyclical keto (carb-cycling), targeted keto (carbs around workouts), and high-protein keto. 

## How It Relates To Your Health

The ketogenic diet has shown clinical benefits for epilepsy, and emerging evidence supports its use in [type 2 diabetes](/conditions/type-2-diabetes) management (improving [blood sugar](/glossary/blood-glucose) control and reducing medication needs). However, it is not appropriate for everyone, and medical supervision is recommended - particularly for individuals with diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, gallbladder issues, or a history of eating disorders.

If you're considering the ketogenic diet for weight loss or metabolic health, discuss it with your healthcare provider and consider working with a registered dietitian to ensure nutritional adequacy, monitor for side effects, and determine whether it's the right approach for your individual health goals.

## Related Terms

[Ketosis](/glossary/ketosis)[Macronutrients](/glossary/macronutrients)[Blood Glucose](/glossary/blood-glucose)[Insulin](/glossary/insulin)[Metabolism](/glossary/metabolism)[Saturated Fat](/glossary/saturated-fat)

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## Sources

1.  [Ketogenic Diet](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-weight/diet-reviews/ketogenic-diet/) - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
2.  [Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy](https://www.epilepsy.com/treatment/dietary-therapies/ketogenic-diet) - Epilepsy Foundation
3.  [The Ketogenic Diet: Evidence for Optimism but High-Quality Research Needed](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480775/) - National Library of Medicine

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