DHEA

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands that serves as a precursor — a building block — for the production of other hormones including testosterone and estrogen. It is the most abundant circulating steroid hormone in the human body and plays roles in immune function, bone density, muscle mass, mood regulation, and cognitive function.

DHEA levels follow a distinctive pattern over the lifespan. Production begins to rise during puberty, peaks in the mid-20s, and then declines steadily at a rate of approximately 2-3% per year. By age 70-80, DHEA levels are typically only 10-20% of their peak values. This age-related decline has led to significant interest in DHEA supplementation as a potential anti-aging intervention, though the evidence for this use remains mixed.

DHEA is available as an over-the-counter supplement in many countries, including the United States, where it is classified as a dietary supplement rather than a prescription medication. However, because DHEA is a hormone precursor that can influence levels of testosterone and estrogen, supplementation is not without risks. It may be contraindicated in people with hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

DHEA levels are commonly measured as part of hormonal evaluations, particularly when investigating adrenal function, unexplained fatigue, low libido, osteoporosis, or hormonal imbalances. Abnormally high DHEA-S levels may indicate adrenal tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or PCOS.

While some integrative medicine practitioners prescribe DHEA supplementation for anti-aging, adrenal support, or hormone balancing purposes, mainstream medical organizations generally do not recommend routine DHEA supplementation due to insufficient evidence of benefit and potential risks of hormonal side effects. Any use should be supervised by a healthcare provider with monitoring of hormone levels.